From Wikipedia:

Under a fraction equation is understood in the (school) algebra A conditional equation with at least a fraction term which (usually denoted by x) contains the unknown in the denominator.

Multiplying by the common denominator, but also with other strategies, you may return a fraction equation to a simpler type of equation.

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Comparison of strategies:  strategies for solving fraction equations

Meaning of the definition set: If a solution is really a solution?

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Continuation - fraction equations that lead to quadratic equations